Marquise

Kifi

Market Kifi or gold marketers are ambassadors who go to retail shops on behalf of bankers and gold manufacturers to get work orders from them and help distribute gold to manufacturers and wholesalers.

Gold Bonakdar

Bonakdar buy gold in bulk and on a large scale from producers and sell it to retailers at low prices and low wages.

Mekhraj kar

People who attach precious stones to precious metals in the jewelry making process.

The cost of gold production and the wages of gold producers, which are calculated on the final price of gold, are called gold production fees. Melted gold, unlike artifacts and bullion, has no reward, and for this reason, it has become one of the most popular investment methods among gold. Wages are calculated in three ways.

The wage of making gold as a percentage

For example, if the price of one gram of 18 carat gold is two and a half million tomans, it is enough to multiply the price of each gram by 10%. Whatever is obtained is the percentage gold production fee.

The wages of making gold in Tomans

In the Toman method, goldsmiths declare a fixed rate in Tomans for the production fee, this is due to the effort involved in turning and implementing the design, etc. In such a situation, a specific amount is considered for each gram of gold weight, which is this amount. is multiplied by the weight of gold.

The combined construction fee is Toman percent

And in the combined type, the following formula is used.

Construction wages in Tomans and percentage = Tomans rate  + percentage rate  × Raw gold rate 

قیمت طلا و سایر فلزات گران‌ بها با استفاده از وزن تروا (Troy Weight) و گرم سنجیده می‌شود که به عیار و میزان خلوص آن بستگی دارد. طلا در طول تاریخ به صورت پول در داد و ستدهای تجاری مورد استفاده بوده است. از سال ۱۹۱۹ رایج‌ترین معیار قیمت‌گذاری طلا گلد فیکس (Gold Fix) لندن است که عوامل گوناگونی چون رویدادها، افزایش تقاضا و وضعیت اقتصاد داخلی کشورها بر آن تاثیر می‌گذارد. سکه و شمش طلا از رایج‌ترین شکل‌های مورد استفاده در خرید و فروش طلا هستند.

اونس طلا

واحد بین‌المللی اونس برای اندازه‌گیری وزن فلزات گران‌بها مانند طلا، نقره و … استفاده می‌شود. هر اونس معادل ۱۰۳۴/ ۳۱ گرم است. وزن شمش‌ها و سکه‌های طلا اغلب با اونس تروا بیان می‌شود.

قیراط

قیراط از واحدهای اندازه‌گیری برای وزن سنگ‌های قیمتی و نیمه قیمتی مانند زمرد، یاقوت و مروارید است. قیراط از اصطلاحاتی‌ست که معمولا در خرید جواهرات با آن مواجه خواهید شد. لازم است بدانید که هر قیراط برابر با ۲۰۰ سوت و هر یک گرم معادل با ۵ قیراط است.

فاکتور طلا

سندی است که نشان می‌دهد شما صاحب طلا هستید. در آن نام، وزن، عیار طلا، قیمت نهایی، اجرت، مشخصات فروشنده و خریدار و مالیات و … در آن یادداشت می‌شود.

نوسان قیمت طلا

به تغییرات قیمت طلا در هر لحظه، نوسانات قیمت طلا می‌گویند. این نوسانات به دلایل زیادی بستگی دارد.

حباب طلا

قیمت طلا به قیمت انس جهانی بستگی دارد و براساس آن محاسبه می‌شود. در برخی موارد قیمت طلا در ایران براساس قیمت‌های تثبیت‌شده در کشور به فروش می‌رسد، به این اختلاف قیمت میان انس جهانی و قیمت تثبیت شده در ایران، حباب طلا می‌گویند.

سوت

به کوچک‌ترین واحد اندازه‌گیری وزن طلا، سوت طلا می‌گویند. سوت معادل یک میلی‌گرم است، به عبارتی دیگر یک گرم معادل ۱۰۰۰ سوت است.

مثقال طلا

مظنه یا «مثقال طلا» هر دو برابر با ۴.۶۰۸۳ گرم از طلا با عیار ۱۷ یا همان طلای ۷۰۵ هستند. مثقال از واحدهای متداول برای اندازه‌‌‌‌گیری وزن طلا در کشورهای اسلامی است که سه نوع دارد؛ مثقال شرعی برابر با ۳.۴۵۵۶ گرم، مثقال صیرفی برابر با ۴.۶۰۸ گرم و مثقال معمولی که معادل ۴.۶۸۷۵ گرم از طلاست. در کشور ما برای محاسبه وزن طلا هنگام خرید و فروش مثقال صیرفی را مبنا قرار می‌‌‌دهند.

چگونگی تبدیل مثقال به گرم

واحد وزنی مثقال، یکی از واحدهای رایج برای اندازه‌گیری جرم طلاست. این واحد از زبان عربی به فارسی وارد شده و معادل ۶۰۸۳/۴ گرم طلا با عیار ۱۷ (۵/۷۰ درصد) است. اما طلا در ایران با عیار ۱۸ (خلوص ۷۵ درصد) استفاده می‌شود؛ ساده‌ترین روش برای تبدیل قیمت مثقال طلا به گرم طلا، تقسیم قیمت هر مثقال بر عدد ثابت ۳۳۱۸/۴ است.

اسپرد شمش طلا (Gold Trading Spread)

به اختلاف قیمت خرید و فروش شمش طلا در بازار، اسپرد شمش می‌گویند.

فرمول محاسبه قیمت طلا در زمان خرید طلا از طلافروشی

۹% مالیات بر ارزش افزوده + ۷% سود طلافروش + (وزن طلا × (اجرت ساخت + قیمت یک گرم طلای ۱۸ عیار))

اصطلاحات و مفاهیم مربوط به طلا

طلای آب‌شده
طلای آب‌شده حاصل ذوب کردن طلاهای دست دوم و کهنه است. این طلاها به دلیل از دست دادن خاصیت زینتی، مشمول مالیات و کارمزد نمی‌شوند.

Gold Bullion
شمش طلا طلای خالص با عیار حداقل ۹۹۵ و حداکثر ۹۹۹.۹۹ است که توسط کارخانه‌های مخصوص تولید می‌شود.

طلای خام
طلای خام، طلای ناخالص استخراج‌شده از معادن است که طی مراحل متعدد به شکل جواهرات یا شمش تبدیل می‌شود.

طلای ساخته‌شده
طلای ساخته‌شده، طلایی است که در طلا فروشی‌ها یا کارگاه‌ها به شکل خاصی برای مشتری ساخته می‌شود.

عیارسنجی
عیارسنجی، روش‌هایی است که به کمک آن‌ها عیار طلا را مشخص می‌کنند.

گواهی سپرده طلا
گواهی سپرده طلا به افراد امکان مالکیت یک قطعه طلا را بدون نیاز به دریافت فیزیکی آن می‌دهد.

آلیاژ طلا
آلیاژ طلا ترکیب فلز طلا با دیگر فلزات برای افزایش استحکام و تغییر رنگ و عیار آن است.

ری‌گیری طلا
ری‌گیری، اندازه‌گیری دقیق عیار طلا از طریق محک زدن قطعه کوچکی از طلا در آزمایشگاه‌های عیارسنجی است.

انگ طلا
انگ طلا، میزان خلوص طلا را نشان می‌دهد و با حرف (K) روی زیورآلات درج می‌شود.

ریژه
ریژه، قالب‌هایی است که طلا پس از ذوب شدن در آن ریخته می‌شود.

بوته ذوب طلا
بوته ذوب طلا، ظرفی است که طلا برای استفاده مجدد در آن ذوب می‌شود.

قالکاری طلا
قالکاری، فرایند جداسازی فلزات گرانبها مثل طلا و نقره از ضایعات و مواد زائد حاوی این فلزات است.

آبکاری طلا
آبکاری طلا، فرایند افزودن یک لایه طلا بر روی فلزات دیگر برای جلوگیری از خوردگی و تغییر رنگ است.

مخراجکاری
مخراجکاری، عمل سوار کردن نگین و سنگ بر روی پایه طلا و جواهرات است.

سنگ اتمی
سنگ اتمی، سنگ‌ها و نگین‌های تقلبی ارزان قیمتی است که برای مصنوعات طلا استفاده می‌شود.

سنگ محک
سنگ محک، سنگی سیاه از جنس سیلیسیم و کوارتز برای عیارسنجی طلاهای کم‌وزن یا نازک است.

تیزآب سلطانی
تیزآب سلطانی، محلول خورنده‌ای است که فلزاتی مانند طلا و پلاتین را حل می‌کند و برای عیارسنجی طلا استفاده می‌شود.

طلای شاخص
طلای شاخص، طلایی است که عیار آن مشخص و مطمئن است و برای مقایسه عیار طلاهای دیگر استفاده می‌شود.

طلای خارجی
طلای خارجی، طلاهای تولیدشده در کشورهای دیگر و واردشده به بازار ایران است، مانند طلاهای ساخت هند، ایتالیا و ترکیه.

طلای شکن
طلای شکن، طلای ترد و شکننده‌ای است که پس از ذوب همچنان ناخالصی‌هایی دارد.

طلای شرطی
طلای شرطی، طلای آب‌شده‌ای است که عیار آن مشخص نیست و به شرط تعیین عیار معامله می‌شود.

طلای متفرقه
طلای متفرقه، طلاهای دست دوم و زینتی استفاده‌شده‌ای است که به طلافروشان فروخته می‌شود.

طلای ریزشی
طلای ریزشی، طلاهایی است که پس از ساخت مقداری از وزن اولیه خود را از دست می‌دهند.

مصنوعات طلا
مصنوعات طلا، هرگونه کالای تزئینی و زیورآلاتی است که از طلا ساخته شده یا با روکش طلا پوشیده شده باشد.

مسکوکات طلا
مسکوکات طلا، سکه‌های طلایی است که زیر نظر بانک مرکزی هر کشور ساخته می‌شود.

ملغمه
ملغمه، ترکیب طلا با جیوه است که برای جداسازی طلا از سایر ترکیبات استفاده می‌شود.

بارخانه
بارخانه، مجموعه یکسان سنگ‌های قیمتی و نیمه‌قیمتی داخل یک پک یا بسته برای خرید عمده یا جزیی است.

The history of the first coin dates back to about 5000 years ago in Mohenjo Daro (in present-day Pakistan) and the history of the first coin in Iran dates back to the Achaemenid period 2500 years ago. The coins that have been found from this era are all hand minted. This handiwork causes the astronomical price increase of these coins, which are called antiques. Old coins were minted by hand, so only a few coins could be minted daily. Such coins are called hammer coins. But nowadays they no longer do the steps of minting coins manually. Nowadays, coins are minted by fully automatic machines, hence they are called machine coins. A coin minting machine is capable of minting 12 coins per second. The pressure applied to the molds to strike each coin is equal to 80 tons, which is equivalent to 1000 hammer blows to strike the coin manually. The term minting is used to make gold coins.

It was during the time of Naser al-Din Shah that light gold coins were minted for public consumption for the first time. These coins were called Dozari or Duzari and were minted with a weight of 0.57 grams of gold. Of course, at that time and until the era of Ahmad Shah, gold coins of quarter Toman, five thousand, one Toman, two Toman and five Toman were also common. For example, the one Toman coin was gold with a weight of 2.87 grams.

After the introduction of gold coins during the Pahlavi era, the Ashrafis of the Ahmad Shah era lost their prosperity and these coins were only kept as souvenirs in private collections. During the first Pahlavi era, there were 1 Pahlavi, 2 Pahlavi and 5 Pahlavi gold coins. Government employees used to receive Pahlavi coins as Eid gifts. During the era of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, gold coins of 500 riyals with a winged lion pattern, 750 riyals of Cyrus' charter, 1000 riyals of Persepolis, 2000 riyals of Shah and Farah, as well as half Pahlavi, one Pahlavi, two Pahlavi and five Pahlavi coins were minted.

After the 1979 Iranian Revolution, at the suggestion of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance and with the approval and order of the Prime Minister of the Provisional Government, on the occasion and commemoration of the first spring of the victory of the 1979 Revolution in Iran, permission was issued to mint different types of gold muskets called "Freedom Spring". Since then, Freedom Spring coins have been minted with two different designs.

From 1980 to 1992

On one side of this coin was the name of Ali bin Abi Talib, repeating "Ali" three times in decorative calligraphy inside a hexagon, and the words "National Bank of Iran" below it, and on the other side, the image of the court of Ali bin Musa al-Reza along with the words "The first spring of freedom" and the date 1980 were engraved. From then until 1992, all kinds of Bahar Azadi coins were produced with the same design; But the word "first" was removed from it.

By comparing the design of Ali bin Musa al-Reza court minted on these coins with the design of this court on the commemorative coins of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, which were minted to honor the status of Ali bin Musa al-Reza, it is clear that the said design is modeled or even copied from these coins. It was a memorial and only the writing around it has changed.

From 1992 until now

Minting and distribution of Bahar Azadi coins with a new design known as Imami, which was designed by Professor Jafar Najibi, began in 1992 and continues until now, but all the coins that were minted in 2009, 2010, 2011 and after that have the date of minting. The year is 2008. According to the Central Bank, the purpose of this work is to prevent price differences for coins with the new year of minting

Specifications of Bahar Azadi coin

Bahar Azadi gold musket in terms of specifications is in accordance with the gold musket law and the law amending the gold musket multiplication law, the shape of this musket is circular according to the second article of the law of 1959, and its carat rate according to the fourth article of the same law is 900 per thousand gold. pure, and 100 per thousand copper, or an alloy of silver and copper.

Unlike most metals that have gray or silvery white colors, gold has a reddish yellow color. Combining gold with other elements creates various alloys that have different colors. Except for copper, which is red in color, other metals that are added to gold are white or gray in color. The color of pure gold with 99.9% purityor 24 carat gold is reddish yellow.

In general, impure gold is divided into three categories in terms of color.

آلیاژهای نقره و مس

نسبت‌های مختلف از این دو عنصر با طلا، طلاهای سفید، زرد، سبز و قرمز را ایجاد می‌کنند. این دسته از آلیاژهای طلا شکل‌پذیر هستند.

ترکیبات بین فلزی (Intermetallic)

این دسته از ترکیبات، طلاهای آبی، بنفش و رنگ‌های دیگر را ایجاد میکنند.

اصلاحات سطحی

بر اثر اکسید لایه‌هایی سطحی طلا، رنگ‌های سیاه تا قهوه‌ای را ایجاد می‌کند.

Colored gold is less pure than 24 carat gold. Nickel, palladium and platinum are strong whitening elements of gold color. Silver and zinc are in the next ranks. Chromium and iron elements are also used to produce white gold, which is more difficult to shape due to its hardness. White gold alloys of low quality and usually dull are plated with rhodium.

They show the purity of gold, silver and platinum alloys using the Millesimal Fineness system. In this system, the mass of the alloy is divided into thousand parts and the amount of pure metal in the alloy is determined as parts per thousand (ppt). For example, 75% gold alloy means 750 out of 1000 parts and is marked with the number 750. In many countries, instead of using carat units such as 18 carats, 24 carats, etc., they use the numbers of this system. In fact, the system of determining the purity of precious metals in the form of carat is older and this system is modified and newer.

The purest gold produced in the Perth Mint is marked with the number 999.999. Also, gold with purity of 999.99 and 999.9 is also produced in the Canadian Mint. The table below contains gold rates with the new and old systems.

The purity of gold is determined by the karat measurement unit. The grade is measured using the following relationship, the highest value of which is 24.

If we divide a piece of gold into 1000 pieces and out of that 1000 pieces are 750 pieces of gold, we conclude that the piece has a carat value of 750 from 0 to 1000, which is 18 because if 18 is divided by 24 divide and multiply the result by a thousand, the number 750 is obtained.

The most common carats used for gold are listed in the table below. Usually, the lowest purity of gold is defined as 10 carats, although gold with less than 10 carats as well as 22 and 23 carats are also made.

Gold with the chemical symbol Au is one of the chemical elements with atomic number 79 in group 11 and period 6 of the periodic table. This metal is one of the elements of intermediary metals and valuable metals that can be found freely in nature. Gold in its pure form has a reddish-yellow color and is physically soft, malleable and malleable, and is one of the most widely used metals in the jewelry industry.

Gold comes from the Sanskrit word Jval and the Anglo-Saxon word Gold. The chemical symbol for gold is derived from the Latin word, aurum. An attractive and highly valuable metal, gold has been discovered for at least 5,500 years. Gold is sometimes found in nature but is usually found in association with silver, quartz (SiO2), calcite (CaCO3), lead, tellurium, zinc or copper.Gold mining currently costs more than the gold is worth. Gold is the most malleable and malleable of all metals discovered. One ounce of gold can be turned into a sheet of approximately 5 meters. Thin gold sheets, known as gold leaf, are mainly used in jewelry and industry. A gold sheet can be made to a thickness of 0.000127 mm.

Gold is malleable and shiny, making it a good metalworking material. Chemically, gold is a conductive metal. Conductive metals are unique because they can bond with other elements not only using their outermost shell of electrons (negatively charged particles orbiting the nucleus of an atom), but also with their outermost two shells.

Gold is a small fraction of the known elements in the universe. The reason it is rare is because of the incredible amount of energy required to form it. According to the journal PNAS, gold forms in stars, but only in those that explode in giant supernovae. From Europe to the Middle East to the tombs of Egyptian pharaohs, gold appears throughout the ancient world. According to Australian research sources, five thousand years ago, the Nile River was more influential than any other factor in the emergence of civilization in ancient Egypt. Its water allowed a large amount of crops to be grown next to it and fed its citizens and army. But there was also a shiny yellow metal coming down the river, gold. Egyptians eagerly sought out this visually appealing treasure, finding that because it was naturally pure and malleable, it needed only a little modification to be transformed into mesmerizing ornaments. Gold as an ornament did not stop in ancient Egypt: a Stone Age woman buried near London had a gold necklace around her neck. The golden tooth was discovered among the Celtics in the third century BC. King of China who died in 128 BC. It was buried with gilded chariots and thousands of other precious objects. Gold quickly became a symbol and a unit of wealth, and has retained this appeal throughout time and around the world.

Roman Ghirshman mentions in the book "Iran from the beginning to Islam" that gold was mined in the Medes era and around the modern city of Hamadan. A large amount of copper, iron, gold, silver, lead and arsenic have been found in the mountains chosen by the Medes to live, which shows the ancient history of gold in Iran. This statement was quoted by Will Durant in the book Orient of Civilization. A book that reviews the history of civilization in an attractive way and has sold millions of copies in the world.

Strabo, as one of the Greek geographers, also mentions that civilizations were formed in ancient Iran that were based on minerals and rare metals. The incident that has caused Iran to be full of all kinds of treasures today. In the year 455 to 531 AH, various products such as gold, silver, pearls, glass, iron, copper, mercury, coral and amber were found in the city of Tisfon, the capital of the Sassanids. Archaeologists believe that gold has been prevalent in Iran since the third millennium BC.
Throughout history, many gold and silver mines have been discovered in Iran. Shah Abbas Safavi also prevented this work due to the fact that the expenses of mining were more than its income.